Benzene is a colorless and sweet transparent liquid at room temperature, with a density lower than that of water and a strong aromatic odor. The boiling point of benzene is 80.1 ℃ and the melting point is 5.5 ℃. Benzene has a lower density than water, with a density of 0.88g/cm3, but its molecular weight is heavier than water. Benzene is insoluble in water, with 1.7g of benzene dissolved in 1 liter of water; However, benzene is a good organic solvent, which has a strong ability to dissolve organic molecules and some nonpolar inorganic molecules. Except for polyols such as glycerol and ethylene glycol, it can be miscible with most organic solvents. Except that iodine and sulfur are slightly dissolved, inorganic compound substances are insoluble in benzene.

Benzene can form a azeotrope with water, with a boiling point of 69.25 ℃ and a content of 91.2% benzene. Therefore, in reactions where water is generated, benzene distillation is often added to remove the water.

Molar mass 78.11g/mol.

Ignition energy: 0.20mJ.

Upper explosion limit (volume fraction): 8.0%.

Lower explosive limit (volume fraction): 1.2%.

Combustion heat: 3303.08kJ/mol (25 ℃, gas).

Solubility: insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and acetone.